Cell Phone Legislation Compiles
Posted by Joseph Brochin
Trying to find out what is new in the cell phone regulatory world today, I plugged “cell phone legislation” into a couple of search engines.
I noticed that there where several listings focused solely on states and not federal government.
Now for those that like less government control in our lives this should be a relief that they are leaving it to the states to control this.
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What was even more surprising, although it should not be, is that it seems that other countries are dealing with the same issues as well.
It will interesting to see how things unfold as wireless becomes more popular.
Wireless laptops in cars while driving perhaps?
T1, What is it?
Posted by Joseph Brochin
DS1 also known as T1. “T1″ has become synonymous with any circuit that has a 1.544 Mbit/s line rate. T2 and T3 circuits carry multiple T1 channels multiplexed together, producing rates up to 44.736 Mbit/s.
T1 format carries (24) pulse-code modulated speech signals that are time division multiplexed and encoded in 64 kbit/s streams that leave 8 kbits/s of framing information, also known as overhead, for signaling to allow the signals to remain synchronized and de-multiplexed at the receiving end.
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To better understand how the rate of 1.544 Mbit/s for a T1 was achieved we provide the following:
-Highest voice frequency which the telephone system transmits is 4000 Hz.
-Required digital sampling rate is 8000 Hz.
-T1 frames contain (1) byte of voice data for each of the 24 channels.
-Needs 8000 frames per second to maintain those 24 simultaneous voice channels.
-Each frame of a T1 is 193 bits in length.
(24 channels X 8 bits per channel + 1 framing bit = 193 bits)
-8000 frames per second is multiplied by 193 bits to yield a transfer rate of 1.544 Mbit/s.
(8000 X 193 = 1544000).